What Is a Yeast Infection?
A yeast infection is a fungal infection caused by overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, in various parts of the body. It occurs when the normal balance of microorganisms is disrupted, allowing Candida to proliferate. Common forms include vulvovaginal candidiasis, oral thrush, and invasive candidiasis.
Types of Candidiasis
- Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Affects the vagina and vulva, causing itching, discharge, and irritation.
- Oral Thrush: Affects the mouth and throat, leading to white patches, soreness, and difficulty swallowing.
- Invasive Candidiasis: A serious infection that can affect the bloodstream and internal organs, most common in immunocompromised individuals.
Symptoms
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Itching, burning, thick white discharge, redness, and swelling of the vulva.
- Oral thrush: White patches on the tongue and inner cheeks, redness, soreness, and difficulty swallowing.
- Invasive candidiasis: Fever and chills that do not improve with antibiotics and can lead to organ dysfunction.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis may include microscopic examination, culture, and—when invasive candidiasis is suspected—blood tests. Treatment can include topical antifungal medications for localized infections and oral or intravenous antifungals for more severe or systemic infections.
Prevention
Maintaining good hygiene, keeping affected areas dry, and avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use can help prevent disruption of normal flora.