Yeast Infection

A fungal infection caused by overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, in various parts of the body. It occurs when the normal balance of microorganisms is disrupted, allowing Candida to proliferate. Common forms include vulvovaginal candidiasis (affecting the genital area), oral thrush (affecting the mouth and throat), and invasive candidiasis (affecting internal organs).

Key Features:

• Causative Agent: Primarily Candida albicans, though other Candida species can also cause infections.
• Types of Candidiasis:
  • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Affects the vagina and vulva, causing itching, discharge, and irritation.
  • Oral Thrush: Affects the mouth and throat, leading to white patches, soreness, and difficulty swallowing.
  • Invasive Candidiasis: A serious infection that can affect the bloodstream and internal organs, common in immunocompromised individuals.
• Symptoms:
  • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Itching, burning, thick white discharge, redness, and swelling of the vulva.
  • Oral Thrush: White patches on the tongue and inner cheeks, redness, soreness, and difficulty swallowing.
  • Invasive Candidiasis: Fever and chills that do not improve with antibiotics, and can lead to organ dysfunction.
• Diagnosis:
  • Microscopic Examination: Examination of samples from affected areas under a microscope.
  • Culture: Growing Candida from samples to identify the species.
  • Serological Tests: For invasive candidiasis, blood tests to detect Candida antigens or antibodies.
• Treatment:
  • Antifungal Medications: Topical (e.g., clotrimazole, miconazole) for localized infections; oral or intravenous antifungals (e.g., fluconazole, amphotericin B) for more severe or systemic infections.
• Prevention:
  • Maintaining good hygiene, keeping affected areas dry, and avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics to prevent disruption of normal flora.

Online References:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Provides detailed information on types of candidiasis, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
• Mayo Clinic: Offers an overview of yeast infections, including symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, and treatment options.
  • Yeast Infection (Vaginal) – Mayo Clinic
  • Oral Thrush – Mayo Clinic
• National Health Service (NHS): Describes symptoms, causes, treatments, and preventive measures for yeast infections.
  • Vaginal Thrush – NHS
  • Oral Thrush – NHS
• MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine): Provides information on yeast infections, their symptoms, treatments, and links to further resources.