Perimenopause

The transitional phase preceding menopause, marked by hormonal changes and irregular menstrual cycles as the ovaries gradually decrease their production of estrogen and progesterone. Perimenopause typically begins in a biological woman’s 40s, although it can start earlier or later for some individuals and may last for several years before menopause is reached. During perimenopause, there are a variety of symptoms including hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and changes in menstrual patterns, as well as other physical and emotional changes associated with hormonal fluctuations.

Key Features:

• Hormonal Changes:
  • During perimenopause, the ovaries produce less estrogen and progesterone, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and fluctuations in hormone levels.
  • These hormonal changes can cause various symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and changes in libido.
• Menstrual Irregularities:
  • Menstrual cycles during perimenopause may become irregular, with changes in the length of the menstrual cycle, the duration of menstrual flow, and the amount of menstrual bleeding.
  • Some women may experience skipped periods, shorter or longer cycles, or heavier or lighter bleeding than usual.
• Symptoms:
  • Common symptoms of perimenopause include:
    • Hot flashes: Sudden feelings of heat, often accompanied by sweating and flushing of the face and neck.
    • Night sweats: Episodes of intense sweating during sleep, which may disrupt sleep quality.
    • Vaginal dryness: Reduced vaginal lubrication, leading to discomfort or pain during intercourse.
    • Mood changes: Increased irritability, mood swings, anxiety, or depression.
    • Sleep disturbances: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, leading to fatigue and daytime sleepiness.
• Duration:
  • Perimenopause can last for several years before menopause is reached, with the average duration being four to eight years.
  • The length of perimenopause may vary among individuals and is influenced by factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and overall health.
• Diagnosis:
  • Perimenopause is diagnosed based on symptoms and changes in menstrual patterns, rather than specific laboratory tests.
  • Healthcare providers may perform blood tests to measure hormone levels or rule out other medical conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
• Management:
  • Treatment options for managing perimenopausal symptoms may include lifestyle modifications, hormone therapy (estrogen or combined estrogen-progestin therapy), non-hormonal medications, and complementary therapies.
  • The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, individual preferences, and health considerations.

Online References:

1. Mayo Clinic
2. WebMD
3. Healthline