What Is Misoprostol?
Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog used for several medical purposes, including the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers, induction of labor, and chemical abortion. Misoprostol acts by binding to prostaglandin receptors in the uterus, leading to uterine contractions and cervical ripening. In the context of medical abortion, misoprostol is often used in combination with mifepristone to terminate early pregnancies.
Mechanism of Action
- Misoprostol binds to prostaglandin receptors in the uterus, causing contractions of the uterine muscles.
- It also softens the cervix by increasing its malleability, facilitating the expulsion of the embryo or fetus.
Indications
- Misoprostol is used for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and as part of the management of labor induction and medical abortion.
- Off-label uses include the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and cervical ripening before surgical procedures.
Side Effects and Safety Considerations
- Common side effects of misoprostol include uterine cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
- Serious complications are rare but can include heavy or prolonged bleeding, uterine rupture, and allergic reactions.
- If there is an ectopic pregnancy, which can be life-threatening, it will not be prevented and can continue. The location of a pregnancy should be determined before taking misoprostol.