What Is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus, called endometrium, grows outside the uterus. It can cause pain, inflammation, and may contribute to infertility. This tissue behaves like endometrial tissue, thickening, breaking down, and bleeding with each menstrual cycle, but because it has no way to exit the body, it becomes trapped.
Key Features of Endometriosis
Tissue Growth Outside the Uterus
Endometrial glands and stroma can be present outside the uterine cavity.
Chronic Inflammation
Persistent inflammation at sites of ectopic tissue can contribute to pain and scarring.
Cyclic Bleeding and Pain
Like the menstrual cycle, this tissue can lead to symptoms such as dysmenorrhea (painful periods), dyspareunia (painful intercourse), and chronic pelvic pain.
Adhesions and Scarring
Fibrous bands can form between tissues and organs, causing them to stick together. This may result in significant pelvic pain and complications such as bowel and bladder dysfunction.